Cilostazol, commonly known by its brand name Pletal, is a medication primarily used to treat intermittent claudication, a symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD). This condition is characterized by pain in the legs or arms during exercise, which is relieved by rest. As a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, cilostazol works by increasing blood flow to the affected areas, thereby improving oxygen delivery and nutrient supply to the muscles.
The effectiveness of cilostazol in managing intermittent claudication has been well-documented in clinical trials. Studies have shown that patients treated with cilostazol experience a significant increase in walking distance and a reduction in symptoms compared to those receiving a placebo. For instance, a meta-analysis published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine found that cilostazol therapy resulted in a mean increase of 133% in maximal walking distance after 12 weeks of treatment.
Primary Uses of Cilostazol
Cilostazol is primarily indicated for the treatment of intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral artery disease. Its use is aimed at improving symptoms and enhancing quality of life for individuals affected by this condition. Additionally, cilostazol may be prescribed off-label for other conditions, such as:
- Chronic limb ischemia
- Buerger's disease
- Arteriovenous fistula
Benefits of Cilostazol
The benefits of cilostazol therapy extend beyond symptom relief. By improving blood flow and reducing inflammation, cilostazol may also contribute to:
- Enhanced exercise tolerance
- Reduced risk of cardiovascular events
- Improved wound healing in patients with critical limb ischemia
For example, a study published in the European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery found that cilostazol treatment significantly improved wound healing rates in patients with critical limb ischemia, with a 75% healing rate compared to 35% in the control group.
Potential Side Effects
Like all medications, cilostazol can cause side effects, some of which may be serious. Common side effects include:
| Side Effect Category | Frequency and Description |
|---|---|
| Headache | Common (10-20%); usually mild and transient |
| Dizziness | Common (5-15%); may be severe in some cases |
| Nausea and Vomiting | Uncommon (1-5%); may require dose adjustment |
| Cardiovascular Events | Rare (<1%); increased risk in patients with heart failure or arrhythmias |
Key Points
- Cilostazol (Pletal) is used to treat intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral artery disease.
- The medication works by increasing blood flow to affected areas.
- Benefits include improved walking distance, reduced symptoms, and enhanced quality of life.
- Common side effects are generally mild and include headache, dizziness, and nausea.
- Serious side effects, such as cardiovascular events, are rare but require monitoring.
Precautions and Contraindications
Cilostazol is contraindicated in patients with:
- Heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV)
- Known or suspected hypersensitivity to cilostazol
- Severe coronary artery disease
Caution is advised when prescribing cilostazol to patients with:
- Mild to moderate liver impairment
- Severe renal impairment
- History of cardiovascular events
Dosage and Administration
The recommended dosage of cilostazol is 100 mg twice daily, taken at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after meals. Dose adjustments may be necessary for patients with liver or renal impairment.
Conclusion
In conclusion, cilostazol is a valuable treatment option for patients with intermittent claudication due to peripheral artery disease. Its benefits in improving walking distance and reducing symptoms can significantly enhance quality of life. However, healthcare providers must be aware of potential side effects and take necessary precautions to minimize risks.
What is cilostazol used for?
+Cilostazol is primarily used to treat intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral artery disease.
What are the common side effects of cilostazol?
+Common side effects include headache, dizziness, and nausea.
Can cilostazol be used in patients with heart failure?
+No, cilostazol is contraindicated in patients with heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV).