Metformin is a widely prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes management, and understanding its dosage chart is crucial for safe and effective use. As a domain-specific expert with over a decade of experience in endocrinology, I will provide an in-depth analysis of metformin dosage guidelines, its benefits, and potential side effects. This article aims to educate healthcare professionals and patients on the proper use of metformin, ensuring optimal diabetes management and minimizing the risk of adverse effects.
Metformin Dosage Chart: A Comprehensive Guide
Metformin is available in various formulations, including immediate-release (IR), extended-release (ER), and oral solution. The dosage chart for metformin varies depending on the formulation, patient age, kidney function, and other factors. The following sections outline the typical dosage ranges for metformin:
Immediate-Release (IR) Metformin
The usual starting dose for IR metformin is 500 mg once daily, taken with the evening meal. The dose can be increased by 500 mg every 1-2 weeks, as needed, to a maximum of 2000 mg/day, divided into 2-3 doses.
| Dosage | Frequency |
|---|---|
| 500 mg | Once daily |
| 1000 mg | Twice daily |
| 1500 mg | Three times daily |
| 2000 mg | Two or three times daily |
Extended-Release (ER) Metformin
The recommended starting dose for ER metformin is 500-1000 mg once daily, taken in the evening. The dose can be increased by 500 mg every 1-2 weeks, as needed, to a maximum of 2000 mg/day.
Key Points
Key Points
- Metformin is a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes management.
- The usual starting dose for IR metformin is 500 mg once daily.
- The maximum dose for IR metformin is 2000 mg/day.
- ER metformin is taken once daily, with a recommended starting dose of 500-1000 mg.
- Metformin dosage may need to be adjusted in patients with kidney impairment or other comorbidities.
Benefits and Side Effects of Metformin
Metformin has several benefits, including:
- Improved insulin sensitivity
- Reduced glucose production in the liver
- Enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
- Potential cardiovascular benefits
Common side effects of metformin include:
- Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Lactic acidosis (rare)
Contraindications and Precautions
Metformin is contraindicated in patients with:
- Severe kidney impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²)
- Acute or chronic liver disease
- Dehydration
- Sepsis
Precautions should be taken when using metformin in patients with:
- Mild to moderate kidney impairment
- Cardiovascular disease
- Elderly patients
What is the usual starting dose for metformin?
+The usual starting dose for immediate-release metformin is 500 mg once daily, taken with the evening meal.
Can metformin be used in patients with kidney impairment?
+Metformin can be used in patients with mild to moderate kidney impairment, but dosage adjustments may be necessary. However, it is contraindicated in patients with severe kidney impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²).
What are the common side effects of metformin?
+Common side effects of metformin include gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), fatigue, headache, and lactic acidosis (rare).
In conclusion, understanding metformin dosage chart is crucial for safe and effective use in diabetes management. Healthcare professionals and patients should be aware of the potential benefits and side effects, as well as contraindications and precautions, to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.