The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2023, there will be over 153,000 new cases of colorectal cancer in the United States. While the incidence of colorectal cancer has been declining in recent years, it remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the country. Early detection through colonoscopy screening is crucial in preventing and treating colorectal cancer. But at what age should you get a colonoscopy screening?
Historically, the recommended age for colonoscopy screening was 50 years old. However, in recent years, there has been a growing trend towards starting screening at an earlier age. The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) and the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) have both updated their guidelines to recommend that adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer start screening at age 45. The American Cancer Society also recommends that adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer start screening at age 45, but also suggests that adults with a higher risk of colorectal cancer, such as those with a family history of the disease, may need to start screening earlier.
Understanding Colonoscopy Screening
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end to visualize the inside of the colon and rectum. During the procedure, the doctor can identify and remove precancerous polyps, which can help prevent colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy screening is considered the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening because it is highly effective in detecting and preventing the disease.
Who Should Get a Colonoscopy Screening?
The following individuals are recommended to get a colonoscopy screening:
- Adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer starting at age 45
- Adults with a family history of colorectal cancer, especially if a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) has been diagnosed with the disease
- Adults with a personal history of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps
- Adults with a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease
- Adults with certain genetic syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome
What are the Benefits and Risks of Colonoscopy Screening?
Colonoscopy screening has several benefits, including:
- Early detection and removal of precancerous polyps, which can help prevent colorectal cancer
- Detection of colorectal cancer at an early stage, when it is more treatable
- Reduced risk of colorectal cancer-related deaths
However, colonoscopy screening also carries some risks, including:
- Bleeding or perforation of the colon
- Reaction to sedation
- Infection
How Often Should You Get a Colonoscopy Screening?
The frequency of colonoscopy screening depends on several factors, including your age, family history, and previous screening results. For adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer, the ACG recommends:
- A colonoscopy every 10 years if no polyps are found
- A colonoscopy every 3-5 years if small polyps are found
- A colonoscopy every 1-2 years if large polyps are found
Key Points
- Adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer should start screening at age 45
- Colonoscopy screening is highly effective in detecting and preventing colorectal cancer
- Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer may need to start screening earlier
- Colonoscopy screening carries some risks, including bleeding, perforation, and reaction to sedation
- The frequency of colonoscopy screening depends on several factors, including age, family history, and previous screening results
| Age Range | Recommended Screening Frequency |
|---|---|
| 45-49 | Colonoscopy every 10 years |
| 50-59 | Colonoscopy every 10 years or alternative screening tests every 5 years |
| 60-74 | Colonoscopy every 10 years or alternative screening tests every 5 years |
| 75 and older | Discuss screening options with a healthcare provider |
What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?
+The symptoms of colorectal cancer can include blood in the stool, changes in bowel movements, abdominal pain, and weight loss. However, many people with colorectal cancer do not experience symptoms until the disease is advanced.
Can I get a colonoscopy screening if I have a family history of colorectal cancer?
+Yes, if you have a family history of colorectal cancer, you may need to start screening earlier than age 45. Discuss your family history with a healthcare provider to determine the best screening schedule for you.
Are there alternative screening tests to colonoscopy?
+Yes, there are alternative screening tests to colonoscopy, including fecal immunochemical tests (FITs), sigmoidoscopy, and CT colonography. However, colonoscopy remains the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening.