The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2023, there will be over 153,000 new cases of colorectal cancer in the United States alone. Despite being one of the most preventable types of cancer, it remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the country. Early detection through screening is crucial in preventing and treating colorectal cancer. One of the most effective screening methods is a colonoscopy. But at what age should you get a colonoscopy?
In recent years, there has been a significant shift in the recommended age for colonoscopy screenings. The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) and the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) have updated their guidelines to reflect the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in younger populations. As a result, the recommended age for starting colonoscopy screenings has been lowered.
Current Guidelines for Colonoscopy Screenings
According to the ACG, adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer should start screening at age 45. The USPSTF recommends that adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer start screening at age 50, but notes that some organizations may recommend starting at age 45. It's essential to consult with your healthcare provider to determine the best screening schedule for your individual needs.
For individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors, screening may need to start earlier. For example, if you have a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) with colorectal cancer, you may need to start screening 10 years before the age at which your relative was diagnosed.
Risk Factors That May Require Earlier Screening
Several risk factors may require earlier screening, including:
- Family history of colorectal cancer
- Personal history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Genetic syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Physical inactivity
- Diet high in red and processed meat
What to Expect During a Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end is inserted into the rectum to visualize the inside of the colon. The procedure typically takes 30-60 minutes to complete and is usually performed under sedation.
During the procedure, the doctor will examine the inside of the colon for polyps, which are growths that can potentially become cancerous. If polyps are found, they can be removed during the procedure, which can help prevent colorectal cancer.
Preparation and Recovery
Preparation for a colonoscopy typically involves:
- A special diet 1-2 days before the procedure
- A bowel prep to cleanse the colon
- Sedation during the procedure
Recovery from a colonoscopy is usually quick, with most people able to return to their normal activities within a day or two.
| Age Group | Recommended Screening Schedule |
|---|---|
| 45-49 | Colonoscopy every 10 years |
| 50-75 | Colonoscopy every 10 years or Cologuard every 3 years |
| 76 and older | Discuss screening options with your healthcare provider |
Key Points
- The recommended age for colonoscopy screenings has been lowered to 45 for individuals with an average risk of colorectal cancer.
- Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors may need to start screening earlier.
- A colonoscopy is a procedure that examines the inside of the colon for polyps and can help prevent colorectal cancer.
- Preparation for a colonoscopy involves a special diet, bowel prep, and sedation during the procedure.
- Recovery from a colonoscopy is usually quick, with most people able to return to their normal activities within a day or two.
What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?
+The symptoms of colorectal cancer can include blood in the stool, changes in bowel movements, abdominal pain, and weight loss. However, many people with colorectal cancer do not experience symptoms until the disease is advanced, which is why screening is so important.
How often should I get a colonoscopy if I have a family history of colorectal cancer?
+If you have a family history of colorectal cancer, you may need to start screening earlier and more frequently. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine the best screening schedule for your individual needs.
Is a colonoscopy the only screening option for colorectal cancer?
+No, there are other screening options for colorectal cancer, including Cologuard, a non-invasive test that checks for DNA in the stool. However, a colonoscopy remains the most effective screening method for detecting and preventing colorectal cancer.
What if I have a polyp removed during a colonoscopy?
+If a polyp is removed during a colonoscopy, it will be sent to a laboratory for examination to determine if it is cancerous. Your healthcare provider will discuss the results with you and recommend a follow-up screening schedule.