Cephalexin Composition: Understanding What Is in Cephalexin Medication

Cephalexin, commonly known by its brand name Keflex, is a type of antibiotic medication that belongs to the cephalosporin class. It is widely used to treat various bacterial infections, including those affecting the skin, respiratory tract, and urinary system. Understanding the composition of cephalexin is crucial for patients and healthcare professionals alike, as it provides insights into the medication's efficacy, potential side effects, and interactions. In this article, we will delve into the composition of cephalexin, exploring its active ingredients, inactive components, and other relevant factors.

Active Ingredient: Cephalexin

The active ingredient in cephalexin medication is cephalexin monohydrate, a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. Cephalexin works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, ultimately leading to the death of the bacterial cells. It is effective against a broad range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Cephalexin has a chemical formula of C₁₆H₁₇N₅O₃S₂ · H₂O and a molecular weight of 365.41 g/mol. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a melting point of 145-150°C. The chemical structure of cephalexin consists of a cephalosporin nucleus with a side chain that enhances its antibacterial activity.

Inactive Ingredients (Excipients)

In addition to the active ingredient cephalexin, the medication also contains inactive ingredients, also known as excipients. These components play a crucial role in the manufacturing process, stability, and administration of the medication. Common excipients found in cephalexin include:

• Microcrystalline cellulose
• Silicon dioxide
• Magnesium stearate
• Sodium lauryl sulfate
• FDA-approved dyes (e.g., FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Yellow No. 5)

Importance of Excipients

Excipients are essential for the production of cephalexin, as they help to:

1. Improve the stability and shelf-life of the medication
2. Enhance the bioavailability and absorption of cephalexin
3. Facilitate the manufacturing process (e.g., compression, granulation)
4. Provide a suitable appearance and taste to the medication

Cephalexin Formulations and Dosage Forms

Cephalexin is available in various formulations and dosage forms, including:

• Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg
• Capsules: 250 mg, 500 mg
• Powder for oral suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL

Dosage and Administration

The recommended dosage of cephalexin varies depending on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's age and weight. The typical adult dosage is 250-500 mg every 6-8 hours, while the pediatric dosage is adjusted according to the child's weight.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the composition of cephalexin is essential for patients and healthcare professionals to appreciate its efficacy, potential side effects, and interactions. The active ingredient cephalexin monohydrate, along with inactive excipients, plays a crucial role in the manufacturing process and administration of the medication. By recognizing the importance of cephalexin's composition, we can ensure the safe and effective use of this antibiotic medication.